bituminous coal

raw materials, minerals, geology

A black sedimentary rock made of carbon.

Bituminous coal, also known as black gold, has been created by the carbonization of dead plant material. It is a fossil fuel and is used mainly to generate energy and heat through combustion and for the production of coke in iron smelting. Residue from the burning of coal is used in the construction industry.

In the 17th and 18th centuries, butiminous coal was the foundation on which the Industrial Revolution in England flourished and it drove the development of technology during industrialisation. The area around Stavely was particularly well known for the mining of butiminous or black coal.

Johann Conrad Fischer saw samples of butiminous coal from Stavely at the Great Exhibition in London in 1851.

Traveljournal 1814

Traveljournal 1825

Traveljournal 1825–1827

Traveljournal 1845

Traveljournal 1846

Traveljournal 1851

  • Fischer, Johann Conrad: Tagebücher. Bearbeitet von Karl Schib. Schaffhausen 1951.

Cite as: bituminous coal. In: Travel Reports of a Pioneer: Digital Edition of the Travel Journals of Johann Conrad Fischer 1794–1851. Published by Franziska Eggimann. Edited by Franziska Eggimann, Nicolau Lutz, Valerija Rukavina und Christopher Zoller-Blundell. Schlatt 2023, Version 1.2, https://johannconradfischer.com/en/keywords/gfa-keywords-8474, viewed on 6 June 2025.

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Bituminous coal (photograph by James St. John, 2014)