kreuzer
unit of measurement, currency
A word used to describe various small coins that were used througout the German-speaking countries.
In southern Germany and Switzerland 1 kreuzer = 4 pfennigs = 8 hellers; 4 kreuzers = 1 batzen. The English farthing was a coin of similar value,
Kreuzer was abbreviated to Kr, kr, K or Xr. The name was derived from the face of the coin, which shows a Celtic or a double cross (in German the word Kreuz means ‘cross’). The kreuzer was originally issued as a silver coin, but over time it became degraded to an alloy coin. In the canton of Berne, its value was one quarter of a batzen or one hundredth of a ‘Rechnungskrone’. As of 1809, it was minted as a 2½ rappen coin and disappeared with the coin reform of 1850-51.
Traveljournal 1794
Traveljournal 1814
Traveljournal 1825
Traveljournal 1825–1827
Traveljournal 1845
- “So you, too, are in England, Colonel?” 21 July 1845
- By train from Dover to London, 21 July 1845
- Fischer visits the patent office, 23 July 1845
- Nephew Winz and talking shop with Mr. K., 24 July 1845
- Low Moor Ironworks, 28 July 1845
- Turton, Huntsman and Chinese tea, 1 August 1845
- Sheffield–London, 2 August 1845
Traveljournal 1846
- Fischer enjoys two “Sandwitchers” in London, 19 October 1846
- A visit to the photographic pioneers Willat and Croucher, 20 October 1846
- London–Derby, 25 October 1846
- Sheffield–Liverpool, 28 October 1846
- Technical spectacles at the Polytechnical Institution, 2 November 1846
- Last errands and departure from London, 3 November 1846
- Dover–Schaffhausen, 4–8 November 1846
Traveljournal 1851
- Arrival in Dover, 16 June 1851In the original print, this section and the preceding one were conjoined.
- The exhibition site: first impressions, 17 June 1851
- Fischer’s fourth visit, 23 June 1851
- Fischer’s highlights of the Exhibition, 24 June 1851
- On the English export market, 27 June 1851
- A bathing expedition, 28 June 1851
- Further highlights of the Exhibition, 29 June 1851
- Fischer on the visit by the British seamen, 30 June 1851
- London–Birmingham, 3 July 1851
- Birmingham, 4 July 1851
- Manchester–Sheffield, 6 July 1851
- Fischer’s business visits in Sheffield, 7 July 1851
![[[title]]](https://archives.georgfischer.com/media/web/gfd_3_29-0001)